Polytonality |
mai le Eleni polus - tele ma tonality
O se ituaiga fa'apitoa o le fa'aaliga o le tonal, o se faiga tu'ufa'atasi (ae tu'ufa'atasi) o feso'ota'iga leo, e fa'aaogaina tele. i musika faaonaponei. P. - "e le o le aofaʻi o le tele o ki ... ae o la latou tuʻufaʻatasiga lavelave, e tuʻuina atu ai se tulaga fou faʻapitoa - o se faiga faʻavae e faʻavae i luga ole polytonicity" (Yu. I. Paisov). E mafai e le P. ona tu'ufa'atasia le tele-tonal chords (chord P.), multi-tonal melodic. laina (fati. P.) ma le tuufaatasia o fati ma fati. laina (P. fefiloi). I fafo, P. o nisi taimi e foliga mai o se superposition o tonally disparate substructures i luga o le tasi ma le isi (tagai i le faataitaiga i lalo).
P., e pei o se tulafono, ei ai se nofoaga autu e tasi ("politonic", e tusa ai ma Paisov), lea, e ui i lea, e le monolithic (pei o le ki masani), ae tele, polyharmonically stratified (silasila i le Polyharmony). O vaega ("subtonic", e tusa ai ma Paisov) o loʻo faʻaaogaina e pei o tonika o ki faigofie, diatonic (i tulaga faapena, P. o se "pseudochromatic" atoa, e tusa ai ma VG Karatygin; vaʻai Polyladovost).
SS Prokofiev. "Sarcasms", Numera 3.
O le faʻavae lautele mo le tulaʻi mai o le P. o se faʻalavelave faʻapitoa (dissonant and chromatic) faʻapipiʻi faʻapitoa, lea e mafai ona faʻasaoina ai le fausaga faʻavae o chords (aemaise i le tulaga o subchords). O le faʻataʻitaʻiga polytonic mai le "Sarcasms" a Prokofiev - o le polychord b - des (cis) - f - ges (fis) - a - o se nofoaga faʻapitoa e tasi o le faiga, ae le o ni mea faigofie se lua, lea, ioe, tatou te pala. e (tatatolu b-moll ma fis-moll); o le mea lea, o le faiga atoa e le mafai ona faʻaititia i le tasi ki masani (b-moll), poʻo le aofaʻi o le lua (b-moll + fis-moll). (E pei lava o soʻo se mea faʻaletino atoa e le tutusa ma le aofaʻi o ona vaega, o le consonance o multi-tonal substructures ua faʻapipiʻiina i totonu o se macrosystem e le mafai ona faʻaititia i se tuʻufaʻatasiga tutusa o lua pe sili atu ki: "faʻasologa i le taimi o le faʻalogo", leo polytonal "e lanu i se tasi autu autu" - I V. Asafiev, 1925, e tusa ai, o sea macrosystem e le tatau ona taʻua i le igoa o se tasi monotonality tuai, e itiiti ifo i le igoa o le lua pe tele monotonities tuai, mo se faataitaiga, e le mafai. fai mai o le tala a Prokofiev - vaʻai i le faʻataʻitaʻiga musika - na tusia i le b-moll.)
E fesoʻotaʻi ma le manatu o le P. o manatu o le polymode, polychord, polyharmony (o le eseesega i le va o latou e tutusa ma le va o manatu faavae: tonality, mode, chord, harmony). Le fa'ailoga autu e fa'aalia ai le iai tonu o le P. e pei o le taimi e tasi. fa'apipi'i ese'ese. ki, o le tulaga e le o le tasi le consonance (poʻo le faʻatusa e aunoa ma suiga malie), ae o se tulitatao faʻalogo manino lelei (G. Erpf, 1927; Paisov, 1971).
E masani lava o manatu o le "poly-mode", "poly-chord" ma le "polyharmony" e faʻafefiloi sese ma le P. O le mafuaʻaga o le faʻafefiloi o manatu o le poly-mode poʻo le poly-chord ma le P. e masani lava ona tuʻuina atu se faʻamatalaga sese. fa'aliliuga o fa'amatalaga fa'amanino: fa'ata'ita'iga autu o le leo o le leo e avea ma mea autu. le leo (tonic) o le ki poʻo, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le tuʻufaʻatasia o C-dur ma Fis-dur e pei o chords (silasila i le autu o Petrushka mai le palei o le igoa tutusa e IF Stravinsky, o se faʻataʻitaʻiga musika i luga o le fasi 329) o ua avea o se tuufaatasiga o C-dur ma Fis-dur e fai ma ki (e pei o chords ua sese ona ta'ua i le faaupuga "tonality"; o lenei mea sese na faia, mo se faataitaiga, e D. Millau, 1923). O le mea lea, o le tele o faʻataʻitaʻiga a P. o loʻo tuʻuina atu i tusitusiga e le o faʻatusalia moni ai. O le aveeseina mai o vaega o le harmonics mai se tulaga lavelave o le tonal e maua ai le tutusa (sese) i'uga e pei o le saeia o le tutusa o leo ta'ito'atasi i se fugue mai se tala faigofie tonal (mo se faataitaiga, bass i le b-moll fugue stretta e Bach, The Well- Tempered Clavier, lona lua voluma, pa 2 -33 o le a i le Locrian mode).
O faʻataʻitaʻiga o polystructures (P.) e mafai ona vaʻaia i nisi faʻataʻitaʻiga o nar. musika (eg sutartines). I Europa polyphony o se preform muamua o P. - modal lua-layered (Kuata mulimuli o le 13th - muamua Kuata o le 15th seneturi) ma se uiga "Gothic cadence" o le ituaiga:
cis — d gis — ae – d (vaai Cadence).
Glarean i le Dodecachord (1547) ioeina i le taimi lava e tasi. tu'ufa'atasiga fa'aalia e leo 'ese'ese 'ese'ese. fa'anoanoa. O se faʻataʻitaʻiga lauiloa a P. (1544) - "Siva Iutaia" saunia e X. Neusiedler (i le lomiga "Denkmäler der Tonkunst i Österreich", Bd 37) - i le mea moni e le o se P., ae o le polyscale. I tala fa'asolopito, o le "polytonally" muamua na fa'amauina polychord sese o lo'o i le fa'ai'uga. pa o le “A Musical Joke” saunia e WA Mozart (K..-V. 522, 1787):
Mai lea taimi i lea taimi, o mea faʻapitoa e pei o P. o loʻo maua i musika o le 19 seneturi. (MP Mussorgsky, Ata i se Faʻaaliga, "Two Jews"; NA Rimsky-Korsakov, 16th fesuiaiga mai le "Paraphrase" - i luga o se autu na fuafuaina e AP Borodin). O mea faʻapitoa e taʻua o P. o uiga ia o musika o le 20th seneturi. (P. Hindemith, B. Bartok, M. Ravel, A. Honegger, D. Milhaud, C. Ive, IF Stravinsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, K. Shimanovsky, B. Lutoslavsky ma isi).
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