Faasao Eleni Anamua |
O gagana Eleni anamua o faiga fa'aleagaga i musika a Eleni anamua, e le'i iloa le polyphony i le fa'aonaponei. O le faʻavae o le faiga faʻavae o tetrachords (muamua naʻo lalo ifo). Faʻalagolago i le vaeluaga o le tetrachords, na vaʻaia e tagata Eleni 3 uiga, poʻo genera (genn): diatonic, chromatic ma enharmonic (o eseesega o loʻo faʻaalia i ni faʻafaigofie):
I le isi itu, diatonic. tetrachords e aofia ai ituaiga 3, eseʻese i le nofoaga o le tele ma le laiti sekone:
O fa'atupu fa'alili o se fa'atonuga maualuga na tula'i mai o tu'ufa'atasiga o tetrachords. E lua mataupu faavae o le tuufaatasia: "fused" (synapn) ma le fetaui o leo vavalalata i tetrachords (mo se faataitaiga, d1-c1 - h - a, a - g - f - e) ma le "tuuese" (diasenxis), faatasi ai ma o leo e sosoo ai na tuueseese i se leo atoa (mo se faataitaiga, e1 – d1 – c1 – h, a – g – f – e). O le sili ona taua o faʻatasiga o le tetrachords o octave modes (o le mea e taʻua o "ituaiga o octaves" poʻo armoniai - "harmonies"). O frets autu na manatu o Dorian, Phrygian ma Lydian, o le rye na faia e ala i le tuufaatasia o fetusiaiga e lua. tetrachords tutusa i le fausaga; Mixolydian (“Mixed-Lydian”) na faauigaina o se tuufaatasiga faapitoa o Lydian tetrachords.
Itu - hypolades na faia mai mea autu e ala i le toe faʻatulagaina o tetrachords ma faʻaopoopo le fua i le octave (o igoa o le gagana Eleni e le fetaui ma le Europa mulimuli ane). Fuafuaga o le fitu octave modes:
Vaaiga atoa o isi Eleni. o le faiga fa'apena e masani ona fa'atusalia sustnma teleion - "fa'atoa atoatoa (fa'ato'a) faiga". Lalo o le mea e taʻua. “fa'amautu” (po'o le “le fa'aogaina”) faiga - ametabolon:
Fa'aigoa la'asaga e sau mai le nofoaga o le tosoina o se leo tu'u mai i luga o manoa. cithara meafaigaluega. O le faasinomaga o igoa o laasaga i totonu o le octave (faataitaiga, vntn e faatatau uma i le a1 ma le e1) e atagia ai le tetrachordal (ae le o le octave) mataupu faavae o le ext. fausaga o le faiga. Dr. o se fesuiaiga o le faiga atoatoa - metabolon e faʻaalia i le faʻaofiina o se "retractable" tetrachord synnmmenon (lit. - fesoʻotaʻi) dl - c1 - b - a, faʻalauteleina le voluma o le faiga.
Ina ua siitia atu le faiga atoatoa i isi laasaga, e taʻua. fua transpositional, faatasi ai ma le fesoasoani lea na mafai ona maua i totonu o le laina tutusa (lyre, cithara) dec. fua fa'atatau (tonoi – ki).
Frets ma genera (faʻapea foʻi fati) na taʻua e tagata Eleni o se uiga patino (“ethos”). O le mea lea, o le Dorian mode (valea - o se tasi o ituaiga Eleni) sa manatu mamafa, lototoa, e sili ona taua; Phrygian (Frygia ma Lydia - itulagi o Asia Itiiti) - fiafia, fa'alili, Bacchic:
Le faʻaaogaina o le chromatic ma le anharmonic. genera e ese ai musika Eleni mai Europa mulimuli ane. Diatonism, lea e pule i le vaega mulimuli, sa i totonu o tagata Eleni, e ui lava e sili ona taua, ae na o le tasi lava o le tolu intonations modal. polo. O se tamaoaiga o avanoa fati. fa'apea fo'i ona fa'aalia i le fa'afefiloiga 'ese'ese o lagona, o le fa'aofiina o "lanu" (xpoai), e le'i fa'amauina o ni uiga fa'apitoa.
Eleni o le faiga o faiga ua leva ona tupu. O pito tuai o mea tuai. O Eleni, e foliga mai, sa fesoʻotaʻi ma le fua pentatonic, lea na atagia i le faʻalogoina o le archaic. manoa. meafaigaluega. O le faiga o auala ma faʻaoga na faia i luga o le faʻavae o tetrachords na faʻalauteleina i le itu o le faʻalauteleina o le auala.
mau: Plato, Politics or the State, Op., Vaega III, trans. mai le gagana Eleni, vol. 3, St. Petersburg, 1863, § 398, itulau. 164–67; Aristotle, Politics, trans. mai le Eleni, M., 1911, tusi. VIII, ch. 7, itulau. 372–77; Plutarch, On Music, trans. mai le Eleni, P., 1922; Anonymous, Introduction to the harmonica, Preliminary remarks, translation and explain, note by GA Ivanov, “Philological Review”, 1894, vol. VII, tusi. 1-2; Petr BI, I luga o fatuga, fausaga ma faiga i musika Eleni anamua, K., 1901; O tagata mafaufau anamua e uiga i faatufugaga, comp. Asmus BF, M., 1937; Gruber RI, Talafaasolopito o aganuu musika, vol. 1, vaega 1, M.-L., 1941; Matagofie musika anamua. Ulufale. tala ma le aoina o tusitusiga a AF Losev. Upu Tomua ma fa'asalalauga lautele. VP Shestakova, M., 1960; Gertsman EB, Faʻaaliga o vaega eseese leo leo i mafaufauga musika anamua, "Bulletin of Ancient History", 1971, Nu 4; Bellermann, F., Die Tonleitern und Musiknoten der Griechen, B., 1847; Westphal R., Harmonik und Melopüe der Griechen, Lpz., 1864; Gevaert fr. A., Histoire et théorie de la music de l'antiquité, v. 1-2, Gand, 1875-81; Riemann H., Katechismus der Musikgeschichte, Bd 1, Lpz., 1888; pyc. trans., M., 1896; Monro DB, O ala o musika Eleni anamua, Oxf., 1894; Abert H., Die Lehre vom Ethos in der griechischen Musik, Lpz., 1899; Sachs C., Die Musik der Antike, Potsdam, 1928; pyc. i. otd. mataupu i lalo o le ulu. “Musical-theoretical views and instruments of the ancient Greeks”, i le Sat: Musical culture of the ancient world, L., 1937; Gombosi O., Tonarten und Stimmungen der antiken Musik, Kph., 1939; Ursprung O., Die antiken Transpositionsskalen und die Kirchentöne, “AfMf”, 1940, Jahrg. 5, H. 3, S. 129-52; Dzhudzhev S., Theory on Bulgarian folk music, vol. 2, Sofia, 1955; Husmann, H., Grundlagen der antiken und orientalischen Musikkultur, B., 1961.
Yu. H. Kholopov
